Wikipedia Tour: Psychology (2 of 20)
SHARING
We encourage sharing--forward to a friend!
Classical conditioning
[One of Pavlov’s dogs with a surgically implanted cannula to measure salivation, Pavlov Museum, 2005]
[Image rights]
Classical Conditioning (also Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning) is a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov[1] . The typical procedure for inducing classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance. The neutral stimulus could be any event that does not result in an overt behavioral response from the organism under investigation. Pavlov referred to this as a Conditioned Stimulus (CS). Conversely, presentation of the significant stimulus necessarily evokes an innate, often reflexive, response. Pavlov called these the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) and Unconditioned Response (UR), respectively. If the CS and the US are repeatedly paired, eventually the two stimuli become associated and the organism begins to produce a behavioral response to the CS. Pavlov called this the Conditioned Response (CR).
Popular forms of classical conditioning that are used to study neural structures and functions that underlie learning and memory include fear conditioning, eyeblink conditioning, and Classical Conditioning of Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Types
- 3 Procedure variations
- 4 Applications
- 5 Theories of classical conditioning
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Further reading
- 9 External links
Click here for the full article.
Wikipedia Tour: Psychology
Send 20 installments for free as a gift.
Wikipedia Tour: Psychology
Receive installments for free