William Makepeace Thackeray - VANITY FAIR - posted 8 months ago

I'm about to start this novel, too. Have heard a lot about it, and somewhere I have the paperback I picked up at a library sale once upon a time, but at least for the time being I'll be reading this in email installments.

How to Speak and Write Correctly - Re: Examples - posted last year

I haven't read the book yet, but judging from your table, N/P/O look like the "cases" of English: nominative, possessive, and objective.
"I saw her." =>
I = subject (nominative case)
her = object (objective case)
"That's my umbrella." =>
my = possessive form of 1st person singular pronoun.

German has one more case--the dative, corresponding in some cases to the indirect object function in English:
"I gave _her_ a present."
There is no difference between in the forms of direct and indirect object pronouns in _modern_ English (me, her, him, etc.) but in German they can be different, e.g., in the case of "I":
N: Ich, O: mich, D: mir, P: mein(etc.)
I wrote "O" for the German direct object's case but that may be wrong; it may actually be called something else; e.g., the "accusative" case in Russian is the case that generally corresponds to a direct object.

Hope this is of some help to you.